Second, any truly salutary public assistance must also be integrative, not divisive, in its design and effects. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Writing Arguments: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1, How to Support Your Claims in Writing With Reasoning and Evidence, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. She has an M.A. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. II, pp. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). His evidence for this claim is that when he first meets her in Baltimore, she is a very kind woman. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From - Answers The most telling, the most killing, refutation of slavery, he wrote to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853, is the presentation of an industrious, enterprising, thrifty, and intelligent free black population. Ever confident in the power of virtue to dispel prejudice, Douglass affirmed in 1883 that the moral government of the universe is on our side. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. How does the struggle for freedom change with history? He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. Douglas first swam alone in the pool to remove his residual doubts about his fear of water. I, p. 311. Criticizethe evidence and analysis of the counterclaimas being unimportant, irrelevant, or a misinterpretation. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. Frederick Douglass Project: Claims of Our Common Cause | RBSCP In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. In all this talk of race, the motive may be good, but the method is bad. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. [6] James Madison, Speech of June 6, 1787, in Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, Vol. Counterclaim - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary Reasons for a claim can also be written as a "because" statement with the claim: the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. Douglass says that laws in the South are anti-black. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. Writing Revision: How to Fix Mistakes in Your Writing, AEPA English Language Arts (NT301): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Middle Grades English Language Arts (NT201): Practice & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Common Core ELA Grade 7 - Speaking & Listening: Standards, Create an account to start this course today. The body can be organized by reasoning, with the author providing three reasons as the topic sentences for the three paragraphs, then using further reasoning and evidence to prove the topic sentence. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? Add an answer. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. [44] Douglass, We Are Not Yet Quite Free, August 3, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" What is the "mournful wail" that gives Douglass the topic for his speech? He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? How would you like to be able to win any argument? A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. Douglass discovers that a slave was set free by persuading his master, and as a result, this information makes Douglass an avid learner. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. IV, p. 459. When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. That the natural-rights principles epitomized in the Declaration of Independence were universally and permanently true; That the everlasting glory of Americas Founding lay in its dedication to those principles; and. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. You're going to need to support your claim to get rid of that crummy, old, obsolete phone that's holding you back. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. There are four types of argumentative claims: claims of fact, claims of value, claims of policy, and claims of cause and effect. Douglass made these appeals to greatest effect in the most popular and frequently presented of his postwar speeches, his lecture on Self-Made Men. After briefly considering a few alternative explanations of worldly success, Douglass declares it evident that we may explain success mainly by one word and that word is work! Douglass debunks the mythology of slavery in his narrative by rebuking the romantic image of slavery with very disturbing imagery, promotes his own views on the intellectual belief of slaves, and exposes the system for promoting the disloyalty among slaves. Conclusion--The conclusion of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." IV, p. 68. Every year adds to his wealth and to his intelligence. They that can, may; I cannot. work!!! Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. The question that has with stood the test of time is, are these encounters that have been written out, exaggerated or the whole truth and nothing but the truth? In the early 1800s Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and grew up on Colonial Edward Lloyds plantation. But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. [17] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, May 11, 1857, in Life and Writings, Vol. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. 556, 569. His embrace of the arguments of the rival political abolitionist school freed him to involve himself in politics, and his increasing political activism through the 1850s and into the Civil War years eventually brought him face to face with President Abraham Lincolnfirst in the role of harshly critical petitioner and later, after the Emancipation Proclamation and the deepening of their acquaintance, as Lincolns valued adviser and friend. The conclusion should sum up the author's entire argument from the essay. [47] Douglass, Self-Made Men, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; But it was upon becoming the editor of his own paper that his mind truly quickened. A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. parentheses that agrees with the subject. They were great men too. Douglasss new office as editor broadened his education as an abolitionist, and over the next few years, his differences with his erstwhile mentors grew more pronounced. 2 - Evidence. This seemingly contrarian hopefulness was no mere exercise in morale-boosting. What is the Function of a Claim in an Argument? -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? Let us consider first the difficulties. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion. At the end of this excerpt, what encouraging signs does Douglass find? Twenty months later, he returned a free man by law, his freedom having been purchased with funds raised by English friends, and resumed his abolitionist labors in the U.S. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime.